INTERNAL MEDICINE
HYPOTHYROIDISM
The thyroid gland is located in the neck near the larynx and produces thyroid hormone in mammals. Thyroid hormone is important for the maintenance of normal body functions. A deficiency of thyroid hormone can be evident in several ways, including hair loss, scaly skin, recurrent skin infections, weight gain, lethargy, and preference to rest in warm areas. Skin problems are often the first signs observed in this disease. Hair loss generally affects the trunk of the dog and spares the head and legs.
Hypothyroidism (low levels of thyroid hormone) occurs most frequently in middle-aged to older dogs but can appear at a younger age in large breed dogs. Certain breeds of dogs appear to be predisposed to this disease. This includes Chinese Shar Pei, Chow Chow, Great Dane, Boxer, English Bulldog, Dachshund, Doberman Pinscher, Poodle, Golden Retriever, and Miniature Schnauzer.
A diagnosis of hypothyroidism can be made by obtaining a blood sample that will measure the level of thyroid hormone circulating in the blood stream. Several tests are performed from one blood sample to look at different values in thyroid regulation.
If your dog is diagnosed with hypothyroidism, we will begin treatment using a synthetic thyroid hormone replacement. Once this supplement begins, it will be given for the rest of your dog’s life. Dogs have a higher metabolic turnover of thyroid hormone compared to humans so they require higher and more frequent dosages than we do.
Initially and throughout the dog’s life, adjustment of the dose or frequency of treatment may be needed. We will obtain periodic blood samples to monitor the level of thyroid hormone in the blood. Changes in clinical signs are usually seen 4-8 weeks after beginning the thyroid supplement.
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